Command-Line[DOS Hack] Programs for Intranets and the Internet

NETSTAT.exe      TCP/IP Network Statistics

Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.

it has some optional commands also which could used with this program.

How to use:

NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]

  -a         Displays all connections and listening ports.

  -e         Displays Ethernet statistics.  This may be combined with the
             -s option.

  -n         Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.

  -p proto   Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto
             may be TCP or UDP.  If used with the -s option to display
             per-protocol statistics, proto may be TCP, UDP, or IP.

  -r         Displays the routing table.

  -s         Displays per-protocol statistics.  By default, statistics
             are shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used
             to specify a subset of the default.

  interval   Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
             between each display.  Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying
             statistics.  If omitted, netstat will print the current
             configuration information once. 

NOTE: I would recommend that you always use the '-a' parameter so you can see

 UDP 'listening ports' as well (often used by trojans), and not just the active TCP

 connections; then switch between using the '-a' and no parameters at all, to see the

 differences.  When you're offline, you normally shouldn't see any connection data! 

If you do see an OPEN PORT NUMBER 'listening' for a connection (using the '-a' parameter),

 it may be that your computer has been infected with a trojan!

----------------------------------------------------------------------

PING.exe

This Program is use to check any connection. If we are 

getting Reply from a connection than it is connected and working.

How To Use:

ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]
            [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]
            [-w timeout] destination-list

Options:
    -t             Ping the specifed host until interrupted.
    -a             Resolve addresses to hostnames.
    -n count       Number of echo requests to send.
    -l size        Send buffer size.
    -f             Set "Don't Fragment" flag in packet.
    -i TTL         Time To Live.
    -v TOS         Type Of Service.
    -r count       Record route for count hops.
    -s count       Timestamp for count hops.
    -j host-list   Loose source route along host-list.
    -k host-list   Strict source route along host-list.
    -w timeout     Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

Note: There is a special Ip number every should know about

127.0.0.1 [localhost] this ip is our local ip number of each computer.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRACERT.exe

This Program will trace the complete route of any connected server or an service.

How To use it:
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name

Options:
    -d                 Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
    -h maximum_hops    Maximum number of hops to search for target.
    -j host-list       Loose source route along host-list.
    -w timeout         Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.

Example:

C:\WINDOWS>tracert www.ucla.edu

Tracing route to www.ucla.edu [169.232.33.129]
over a maximum of 30 hops:

  1   141 ms   132 ms   140 ms  wla-ca-pm6.icg.net [165.236.29.85]
  2   134 ms   131 ms   139 ms  whv-ca-gw1.icg.net [165.236.29.65]
  3   157 ms   132 ms   143 ms  f3-1-0.lai-ca-gw1.icg.net [165.236.24.89]
  4   194 ms   193 ms   188 ms  a0-0-0-1.dai-tx-gw1.icg.net [163.179.235.61]
  5   300 ms   211 ms   214 ms  a1-1-0-1.ati-ga-gw1.icg.net [163.179.235.186]
  6   236 ms   237 ms   247 ms  a5-0-0-1.was-dc-gw1.icg.net [163.179.235.129]
  7   258 ms   236 ms   244 ms  163.179.243.205
  8   231 ms   233 ms   230 ms  wdc-brdr-03.inet.qwest.net [205.171.4.153]
  9   240 ms   230 ms   236 ms  wdc-core-03.inet.qwest.net [205.171.24.69]
 10   262 ms   264 ms   263 ms  hou-core-01.inet.qwest.net [205.171.5.187]
 11   281 ms   263 ms   259 ms  hou-core-03.inet.qwest.net [205.171.23.9]
 12   272 ms   229 ms   222 ms  lax-core-02.inet.qwest.net [205.171.5.163]
 13   230 ms   217 ms   230 ms  lax-edge-07.inet.qwest.net [205.171.19.58]
 14   228 ms   219 ms   220 ms  63-145-160-42.cust.qwest.net [63.145.160.42]
 15   218 ms   222 ms   218 ms  ISI-7507--ISI.POS.calren2.net [198.32.248.21]
 16   232 ms   222 ms   214 ms  UCLA--ISI.POS.calren2.net [198.32.248.30]
 17   234 ms   226 ms   226 ms  cbn5-gsr.calren2.ucla.edu [169.232.1.18]
 18   245 ms   227 ms   235 ms  www.ucla.edu [169.232.33.129]

Trace complete. 

-----------------------------------------------------------------

 
NBTSTAT.exe

It Will display protocol statics and current TCP/IP connection

How to Use:

NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-s] [S]
        [interval]

  -a   (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
                        name.
  -A   (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
                        IP address.

  -c   (cache)          Lists the remote name cache including the IP
                        addresses.

  -n   (names)          Lists local NetBIOS names.

  -r   (resolved)       Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS

  -R   (Reload)         Purges and reloads the remote cache name table

  -S   (Sessions)       Lists sessions table with the destination IP
                        addresses.

  -s   (sessions)       Lists sessions table converting destination IP
                        addresses to host names via the hosts file.

    RemoteName   Remote host machine name.
    IP address   Dotted decimal representation of the IP address.

    interval     Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
                 between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplayin

statistics. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

ROUTE.exe

Manipulates network routing tables.

ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway]]

  -f      Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries.  If this is
          used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are
          cleared prior to running the command.

  command      Specifies one of four commands
 

                 PRINT     Prints a route
                 ADD       Adds a route
                 DELETE    Deletes a route
                 CHANGE    Modifies an existing route

  destination  Specifies the host to send command.

  MASK         If the MASK keyword is present, the next parameter is
        interpreted as the netmask parameter.

  netmask      If provided, specifies a sub-net mask value to be associated
        with this route entry.  If not specified, if defaults to
        255.255.255.255.

  gateway      Specifies gateway.

 All symbolic names used for destination or gateway are looked up in the
 network and host name database files NETWORKS and HOSTS, respectively.
 If the command is print or delete, wildcards may be used for the

 destination and gateway, or the gateway argument may be omitted.

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 ARP.exe      Address Resolution Protocol

It displays & modifies the ip number in to a physical address translation

table used by address resolution protocol. 
ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]
ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]
ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]

 -a           Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current
         protocol data.  If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical
         addresses for only the specified computer are displayed.  If
         more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP
         table are displayed.
 -g                             (Same as -a)

  inet_addr   Specifies an internet address.

 -N if_addr   Displays the ARP entries for the network interface
              specified by if_addr.

 -d           Deletes the host specified by inet_addr.

 -s        Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr
         with the Physical address eth_addr.  The Physical address is
         given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry
         is permanent.

  eth_addr    Specifies a physical address.

   if_addr    If present, this specifies the Internet address of the
              interface whose address translation table should be
              modified.  If not present, the first applicable interface
              will be used.

Dos Trick To Lock Your Folder

Dos Hack Trick To Lock Folders.

You may using many Folder locking software in your computer.
And you you have to pay for it and after all that some softwares come to break those lockers and you dont have any new idea very soon.

Here is a dos hack trick to lock folder with out using any software.
so that no one can crack the password and can not have access to your folders data.

To use it you need to create a dos batch file for your computer. It has a collection of codes which can make a password protected folder for your computer. And the good news is that it wont cost you. Just need to create a file with you.


So here We go: Copy the giving codes into a notepad file and save it as lock.bat file.

cls
@ECHO OFF
title Folder Locker
if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK
if NOT EXIST Locker goto MDLOCKER
:CONFIRM
echo Are you sure u want to Lock the folder(Y/N)
set/p "cho=>"
if %cho%==Y goto LOCK
if %cho%==y goto LOCK
if %cho%==n goto END
if %cho%==N goto END
echo Invalid choice.
goto CONFIRM
:LOCK
ren Locker "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
echo Folder locked
goto End
:UNLOCK
echo Enter password to Unlock folder
set/p "pass=>"
if NOT %pass%==pwd goto FAIL
attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Locker
echo Folder Unlocked successfully
goto End
:FAIL
echo Invalid password
goto end
:MDLOCKER
md Locker
echo Locker created successfully
goto End
:End


These are the magical codes to make you a Dos folder locker.
After saving it double click on it it. If it will ask for password type pwd and press enter.
The radio staggers against the backspace!

Complete DOS

Your all know about CUI (Command User Interface). Now days we Are working on GUI, but CUI is also behind this. You can use the CUI commands to Do what you cant do by using GUI environment. If you have a little bit knowledge of coding then you can create your own tricks to impress your friends.

Today I am sharing with you, all codes of DOS (Disk Operating System). You can use them through a batch file (a program file of dos Commands).

DOS Command Index Information about all current DOS commands   APPEND (External) APPEND ; APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...] APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E] Displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path.   ASSIGN (External) ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive. ATTRIB (External) ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S] ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S] Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of a file or directory. BACKUP (External) BACKUP d:[path][filename] d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date] [/T:time] [/L:[path]filename] Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (In DOS Version 6, this program is stored on the DOS supplemental disk.) BREAK (Internal) BREAK =on|off Used from the DOS prompt or in a batch file or in the CONFIG.SYS file to set (or display) whether or not DOS should check for a Ctrl + Break key combination. BUFFERS (Internal) BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number) Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number) that will be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input operations. CALL (Internal) CALL [d:][path]batchfilename [options] Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to continue. CHCP (Internal) CHCP (codepage) Displays the current code page or changes the code page that DOS will use. CHDIR (Internal) CHDIR (CD) [d:]path CHDIR (CD)[..] Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different directory. CHKDSK (External) CHKDSK [d:][path][filename] [/F][/V] Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report. CHOICE (Internal) CHOICE [/C[:]keys] [/N][/S][/T[:]c,nn] [text] Used to provide a prompt so that a user can make a choice while a batch program is running. CLS (Clear Screen) (Internal) CLS Clears (erases) the screen. COMMAND (External) COMMAND [d:][path] [device] [/P][/E:(size)] [/MSG][/Y [/C (command)|/K (command)] Starts a new version of the DOS command processor (the program that loads the DOS Internal programs). COMP (External) COMP [d:][path][filename] [d:][path][filename] [/A][/C][/D][/L][/N:(number)] Compares two groups of files to find information that does not match. (See FC command). COPY (Internal) COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path]filename [/A][/B] [d:][path][filename] [/V] or COPY [/Y|-Y][/A][/B] [d:][path]filename+[d:][path]filename[...][d:][path][filename] [/V] Copies and appends files. COUNTRY (Internal) COUNTRY=country code,[code page][,][d:][filename] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS to use country-specific text conventions during processing. CTTY (Internal) CTTY (device) Changes the standard I/O (Input/Output) device to an auxiliary device. DATE (Internal) DATE mm-dd-yy Displays and/or sets the system date. DBLSPACE (External) DBLSPACE / automount=drives DBLSPACE /chkdsk [/F] [d:] DBLSPACE /compress d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/F] DBLSPACE /create d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/size=size] DBLSPACE /defragment [d:] ]/F] DBLSPACE /delete d: DBLSPACE /doubleguard=0|1 DBLSPACE /format d: DBLSPACE [/info] [d:] DBLSPACE /list DBLSPACE /mount[=nnn] host: [/newdrive=d:] DBLSPACE /ratio[=ratio] [d:] [/all] DBLSPACE /size[=size] [/reserve=size] d: DBLSPACE /uncompress d: DBLSPACE /unmount [d:] A program available with DOS 6.0 that allows you to compress information on a disk. DEBUG (External) DEBUG [pathname] [parameters] An MS-DOS utility used to test and edit programs. DEFRAG (External) DEFRAG [d:] [/F][/S[:]order] [/B][/skiphigh [/LCD|/BW|/GO] [/H] DEFRAG [d:] [/V][/B][/skiphigh] [/LCD]|/BW|/GO] [/H] Optimizes disk performance by reorganizing the files on the disk. DEL (ERASE) (Internal) DEL (ERASE) [d:][path]filename [/P] Deletes (erases) files from disk. DELOLDOS (External) DELOLDOS [/B] Deletes all files from previous versions of DOS after a 5.0 or 6.0 installation. DELTREE (External) DELTREE [/Y] [d:]path [d:]path[...] Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that are in it. DEVICE (Internal) DEVICE=(driver name) Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver to load. DEVICEHIGH (Internal) DEVICEHIGH=(driver name) Like DEVICE, DEVICEHIGH is used in the CONFIG .SYS file to tell DOS which device driver software to use for devices; however, this option is used to install the device driver into the upper memory area. DIR (Internal) DIR [d:][path][filename] [/A:(attributes)] [/O:(order)] [/B][/C][/CH][/L][/S][/P][/W] Displays directory of files and directories stored on disk. DISKCOMP (External) DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8] Compares the contents of two diskettes. DISKCOPY (External) DISKCOPY [d:] [d:][/1][/V][/M] Makes an exact copy of a diskette. DOS (Internal) DOS=[high|low],[umb|noumb] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the memory location for DOS. It is used to load DOS into the upper memory area and to specify whether or not the upper memory blocks will be used. DOSKEY (External) DOSKEY [reinstall] [/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike] [macroname=[text]] Loads the Doskey program into memory which can be used to recall DOS commands so that you can edit them. DOSSHELL (External) DOSSHELL [/B] [/G:[resolution][n]]|[/T:[resolution][n]] Initiates the graphic shell program using the specified screen resolution. DRIVPARM (Internal) DRIVPARM= /D:(number) [/C] [/F:(form factor)] [/H:(number)] [/I][ /N][/S:(number)] [/T:(tracks)] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set parameters for a disk drive. ECHO (Internal) ECHO on|off ECHO (message) Displays messages or turns on or off the display of commands in a batch file. EDIT (External) EDIT [d:][path]filename [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI] Starts the MS-DOS editor, a text editor used to create and edit ASCII text files. EMM386 (External) EMM386 [on|off|auto] [w=on|off] Enables or disables EMM386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an 80386 or higher processor. EXE2BIN (External) EXE2BIN [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format. EXIT (Internal) EXIT Exits a secondary command processor. EXPAND (External) EXPAND [d:][path]filename [[d:][path]filename[ . . .]] Expands a compressed file. FASTHELP (External) FASTHELP [command][command] /? Displays a list of DOS commands with a brief explanation of each. FASTOPEN (External) FASTOPEN d:[=n][/X] Keeps track of the locations of files for fast access. FC (External) FC [/A][/C][/L][/Lb n][/N][/T][/W][number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename or (for binary comparisons) FC [/B][/number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename Displays the differences between two files or sets of files. FCBS (Internal) FCBS=(number) Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the number of file-control blocks for file sharing. FDISK (External) FDISK [/status] Prepares a fixed disk to accept DOS files for storage. FILES (Internal) FILES=(number) Used in the CONFIG.Sys file to specify the maximum number of files that can be open at the same time. FIND (External) FIND [/V][/C][/I][/N] ÒstringÓ [d:][path]filename[...] Finds and reports the location of a specific string of text characters in one or more files. FOR (Internal) FOR %%(variable) IN (set) DO (command) or (for interactive processing) FOR %(variable) IN (set) DO (command) Performs repeated execution of commands (for both batch processing and interactive processing). FORMAT (External) FORMAT d:[/1][/4][/8][/F:(size)] [/N:(sectors)] [/T:(tracks)][/B|/S][/C][/V:(label)] [/Q][/U][/V] Formats a disk to accept DOS files. GOTO (Internal) GOTO (label) Causes unconditional branch to the specified label. GRAFTABL (External) GRAFTABL [(code page)] GRAFTABL [status] Loads a table of character data into memory (for use with a color/graphics adapter). GRAPHICS (External) GRAPHICS [printer type][profile] [/B][/R][/LCD][/PB:(id)] [/C][/F][/P(port)] Provides a way to print contents of a graphics screen display. HELP (External) HELP [command] [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI] Displays information about a DOS command. IF (Internal) IF [NOT] EXIST filename (command) [parameters] IF [NOT] (string1)==(string2) (command) [parameters] IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL (number) (command) [parameters] Allows for conditional operations in batch processing. INCLUDE (Internal) INCLUDE= blockname Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to allow you to use the commands from one CONFIG.SYS block within another. INSTALL (Internal) INSTALL=[d: ][\path]filename [parameters] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to load memory-resident programs into conventional memory. INTERLINK (External) INTERLINK [client[:]=[server][:]] Connects two computers via parallel or serial ports so that the computers can share disks and printer ports. INTERSVR (External) INTERSVR [d:][...][/X=d:][...] [/LPT:[n|address]] [/COM:[n|address]][/baud:rate] [/B][/V] INTERSVR /RCOPY Starts the Interlink server. JOIN (External) JOIN d: [d:path] JOIN d: [/D] Allows access to the directory structure and files of a drive through a directory on a different drive. KEYB (External) KEYB [xx][,][yyy][,][d:][path]filename [/E][/ID:(number)] Loads a program that replaces the support program for U. S. keyboards. LABEL (External) LABEL [d:][volume label] Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk. LASTDRIVE (Internal) LASTDRIVE=(drive letter) Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the maximum number of drives that can be accessed. LOADFIX (Internal) LOADFIX [d:][path]filename [parameters] Ensures that a program is loaded above the first 64K of conventional memory, and runs the program. LOADHIGH (Internal) LOADHIGH (LH) [d:][path]filename [parameters] Loads memory resident application into reserved area of memory (between 640K-1M). MEM (External) MEM [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page] Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended, expanded, and upper memory. MEMMAKER (External) MEMMAKER [/B][/batch][/session][/swap:d] [/T][/undo][/W:size1,size2] Starts the MemMaker program, a program that lets you optimize your computer's memory. MENUCOLOR (Internal) MENUCOLOR=textcolor,[background] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the colors that will be used by DOS to display text on the screen. MENUDEFAULT (Internal) MENUDEFAULT=blockname, [timeout] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the startup configuration that will be used by DOS if no key is pressed within the specified timeout period. MENUITEM (Internal) MENUITEM=blockname, [menutext] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a start-up menu from which you can select a group of CONFIG.SYS commands to be processed upon reboot. MIRROR (External) MIRROR [d:]path [d:] path [...] MIRROR [d1:][d2:][...] [/T(drive)(files)] [/partn][/U][/1] Saves disk storage information that can be used to recover accidentally erased files. MKDIR (MD) (Internal) MKDIR (MD) [d:]path Creates a new subdirectory. MODE (External) MODE n MODE LPT#[:][n][,][m][,][P][retry] MODE [n],m[,T] MODE (displaytype,linetotal) MODE COMn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry] MODE LPT#[:]=COMn [retry] MODE CON[RATE=(number)][DELAY=(number)] MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage) [d:][path]filename MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage list) [d:][path]filename MODE (device) CODEPAGE SELECT=(codepage) MODE (device) CODEPAGE [/STATUS] MODE (device) CODEPAGE REFRESH Sets mode of operation for devices or communications. MORE (External) MORE < (filename or command) (name)|MORE Sends output to console, one screen at a time. MOVE (Internal) MOVE [/Y|/-Y] [d:][path]filename[,[d:][path]filename[...]] destination Moves one or more files to the location you specify. Can also be used to rename directories. MSAV (External) MSAV [d:] [/S|/C][/R][/A][/L][/N][/P][/F][/video][/mouse] MSAV /video Scans your computer for known viruses. MSBACKUP (External) MSBACKUP [setupfile] [/BW|/LCD|/MDA] Used to backup or restore one or more files from one disk to another. MSCDEX (External) MSCDEX /D:driver [/D:driver2. . .] [/E][/K][/S][/V][/L:letter] [/M:number] Used to gain access to CD-ROM drives (new with DOS Version 6). MSD (External) MSD [/B][/I] MSD [/I] [/F[d:][path]filename [/P[d:][path]filename [/S[d:][path]filename Provides detailed technical information about your computer. NLSFUNC (External) NLSFUNC [d:][path]filename Used to load a file with country-specific information. NUMLOCK (Internal) NUMLOCK=on|off Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the state of the NumLock key. PATH (Internal) PATH; PATH [d:]path[;][d:]path[...] Sets or displays directories that will be searched for programs not in the current directory. PAUSE (Internal) PAUSE [comment] Suspends execution of a batch file until a key is pressed. POWER (External) POWER [adv:max|reg|min]|std|off] Used to turn power management on and off, report the status of power management, and set levels of power conservation. PRINT (External) PRINT [/B:(buffersize)] [/D:(device)] [/M:(maxtick)] [/Q:(value] [/S:(timeslice)][/U:(busytick)] [/C][/P][/T] [d:][path][filename] [...] Queues and prints data files. PROMPT (Internal) PROMPT [prompt text] [options] Changes the DOS command prompt. RECOVER (External) RECOVER [d:][path]filename RECOVER d: Resolves sector problems on a file or a disk. (Beginning with DOS Version 6, RECOVER is no longer available ). REM (Internal) REM [comment] Used in batch files and in the CONFIG.SYS file to insert remarks (that will not be acted on). RENAME (REN) (Internal) RENAME (REN) [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename Changes the filename under which a file is stored. REPLACE (External) REPLACE [d:][path]filename [d:][path] [/A][/P][/R][/S][/U][/W] Replaces stored files with files of the same name from a different storage location. RESTORE (External) RESTORE d: [d:][path]filename [/P][/S][/B:mm-dd-yy] [/A:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm:ss] [/L:hh:mm:ss] [/M][/N][/D] Restores to standard disk storage format files previously stored using the BACKUP command. RMDIR (RD) (Internal) RMDIR (RD) [d:]path Removes a subdirectory. SCANDISK (External) SCANDISK [d: [d: . . .]|/all][/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/surface][/mono][/nosummay] SCANDISK volume-name[/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/mono][/nosummary] SCANDISK /fragment [d:][path]filename SCANDISK /undo [undo-d:][/mono] Starts the Microsoft ScanDisk program which is a disk analysis and repair tool used to check a drive for errors and correct any problems that it finds. SELECT (External) SELECT [d:] [d:][path] [country code][keyboard code] Formats a disk and installs country-specific information and keyboard codes (starting with DOS Version 6, this command is no longer available). SET (Internal) SET (string1)=(string2) Inserts strings into the command environment. The set values can be used later by programs. SETVER (External) SETVER [d:]:path][filename (number)][/delete][/quiet] Displays the version table and sets the version of DOS that is reported to programs. SHARE (External) SHARE [/F:space] [/L:locks] Installs support for file sharing and file locking. SHELL (Internal) SHELL=[d:][path]filename [parameters] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the command interpreter that DOS should use. SHIFT (Internal) SHIFT Increases number of replaceable parameters to more than the standard ten for use in batch files. SORT (External) SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename) SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2) Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file. STACKS (Internal) STACKS=(number),(size) Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of stack frames and the size of each stack frame. SUBMENU (Internal) SUBMENU=blockname, [menutext] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a multilevel menu from which you can select start-up options. SUBST (External) SUBST d: d:path SUBST d: /D Substitutes a virtual drive letter for a path designation. SWITCHES (Internal) SWITCHES= [/K][/F][/N][/W] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to configure DOS in a special way; for example, to tell DOS to emulate different hardware configurations. SYS (External) SYS [source] d: Transfers the operating system files to another disk. TIME (Internal) TIME hh:mm[:ss][.cc][A|P] Displays current time setting of system clock and provides a way for you to reset the time. TREE (External) TREE [d:][path] [/A][/F] Displays directory paths and (optionally) files in each subdirectory. TYPE (Internal) TYPE [d:][path]filename Displays the contents of a file. UNDELETE (External) UNDELETE [d:][path][filename] [/DT|/DS|/DOS] UNDELETE [/list|/all|/purge[d:]|/status|/load|/U|/S[d:]|/Td:[-entries]] Restores files deleted with the DELETE command. UNFORMAT (External) UNFORMAT d: [/J][/L][/test][/partn][/P][/U] Used to undo the effects of formatting a disk. VER (Internal) VER Displays the DOS version number. VERIFY (Internal) VERIFY on|off Turns on the verify mode; the program checks all copying operations to assure that files are copied correctly. VOL (Internal) VOL [d:] Displays a disk's volume label. VSAFE (External) VSAFE [/option[+|-]...] [/NE][/NX][Ax|/Cx] [/N][/D][/U] VSAFE is a memory-resident program that continuously monitors your computer for viruses and displays a warning when it finds one. XCOPY (External) XCOPY [d:][path]filename [d:][path][filename] [/A][/D:(date)] [/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W][Y\-Y] Copies directories, subdirectories, and files. Syntax Notes To be functional, each DOS command must be entered in a particular way: this command entry structure is known as the command's "syntax." The syntax "notation" is a way to reproduce the command syntax in print. For example, you can determine the items that are optional, by looking for information that is printed inside square brackets. The notation [d:], for example, indicates an optional drive designation. The command syntax, on the other hand, is how YOU enter the command to make it work. Command Syntax Elements 1. Command Name The DOS command name is the name you enter to start the DOS program (a few of the DOS commands can be entered using shortcut names). The DOS command name is always entered first. In this book, the command is usually printed in uppercase letters, but you can enter command names as either lowercase or uppercase or a mix of both. 2. Space Always leave a space after the command name. 3. Drive Designation The drive designation (abbreviated in this book as "d:") is an option for many DOS commands. However, some commands are not related to disk drives and therefore do not require a drive designation. Whenever you enter a DOS command that deals with disk drives and you are already working in the drive in question, you do not have to enter the drive designator. For example, if you are working in drive A (when the DOS prompt A> is showing at the left side of the screen) and you want to use the DIR command to display a directory listing of that same drive, you do not have to enter the drive designation. If you do not enter a drive designation, DOS always assumes you are referring to the drive you are currently working in (sometimes called the "default" drive). 4. A Colon When referring to a drive in a DOS command, you must always follow the drive designator with a colon (:) (this is how DOS recognizes it as a drive designation). 5. Pathname A pathname (path) refers to the path you want DOS to follow in order to act on the DOS command. As described in Chapter 3, it indicates the path from the current directory or subdirectory to the files that are to be acted upon. 6. Filename A filename is the name of a file stored on disk. As described in Chapter 1, a filename can be of eight or fewer letters or other legal characters. 7. Filename Extension A filename extension can follow the filename to further identify it. The extension follows a period and can be of three or fewer characters. A filename extension is not required. 8. Switches Characters shown in a command syntax that are represented by a letter or number and preceded by a forward slash (for example, "/P") are command options (sometimes known as "switches"). Use of these options activate special operations as part of a DOS command's functions. 9. Brackets Items enclosed in square brackets are optional; in other words, the command will work in its basic form without entering the information contained inside the brackets. 10. Ellipses Ellipses (...) indicate that an item in a command syntax can be repeated as many times as needed. 11. Vertical Bar When items are separated by a vertical bar (|), it means that you enter one of the separated items. For example: ON | OFF means that you can enter either ON or OFF, but not both

---

EasyHits4U.com - Your Free Traffic Exchange - 1:1 Exchange Ratio, 5-Tier Referral Program. FREE Advertising!